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Purpose: To characterize tear protein markers in dry eye disease (DED).
Methods: In this prospective study, based on Ocular Surface Disease Index© (OSDI) and corneal staining (CS), 95 DED patients (OSDI≥13) with increasing CS were enrolled into 3 severity groups: DE1 (CS<4), DE2 (CS between 4 and 7) and DE3 (CS>7); 25 asymptomatic subjects with no CS were enrolled into control (OSDI<13 and CS=0). Tear fluid was collected at Day 0 and Day 7 visits and concentrations of 43 protein markers were measured by multiplexed immunoassay.
Results: 22 control and 80 DED subjects were analyzed. Among 33 markers detectable, good inter-visit repeatability was observed with 25 markers, with intraclass correlation coefficients (ICC) ranging from 0.85 to 0.60; ICCs were below 0.60 in the other 8. Correlation with clinical measures was found with two markers, with absolute partial correlation coefficients greater than 0.40: Interleukin-1 Receptor Antagonist (IL-1Ra) and IL-8. IL-1Ra and IL-8 correlated with conjunctival staining (0.43, P < .001 and 0.35, P < .01, respectively), and with Schirmer test (-0.58 and -0.42, P < .001). IL-1Ra and IL-8 in DE3 were 4.4 and 2.1 fold higher than in DE1 (P=.0001 and .0007), 1.9 and 1.6 fold higher than in DE2 (P =.022 and .017). IL-1Ra in DE2 was 2.3 fold higher than in DE1 (P=.038).
Conclusion: Tear levels of many immune mediators were highly repeatable between visits in DED. Among them, IL-1Ra and IL-8 associated with clinical signs and disease severity defined by corneal staining.
Methods: In this prospective study, based on Ocular Surface Disease Index© (OSDI) and corneal staining (CS), 95 DED patients (OSDI≥13) with increasing CS were enrolled into 3 severity groups: DE1 (CS<4), DE2 (CS between 4 and 7) and DE3 (CS>7); 25 asymptomatic subjects with no CS were enrolled into control (OSDI<13 and CS=0). Tear fluid was collected at Day 0 and Day 7 visits and concentrations of 43 protein markers were measured by multiplexed immunoassay.
Results: 22 control and 80 DED subjects were analyzed. Among 33 markers detectable, good inter-visit repeatability was observed with 25 markers, with intraclass correlation coefficients (ICC) ranging from 0.85 to 0.60; ICCs were below 0.60 in the other 8. Correlation with clinical measures was found with two markers, with absolute partial correlation coefficients greater than 0.40: Interleukin-1 Receptor Antagonist (IL-1Ra) and IL-8. IL-1Ra and IL-8 correlated with conjunctival staining (0.43, P < .001 and 0.35, P < .01, respectively), and with Schirmer test (-0.58 and -0.42, P < .001). IL-1Ra and IL-8 in DE3 were 4.4 and 2.1 fold higher than in DE1 (P=.0001 and .0007), 1.9 and 1.6 fold higher than in DE2 (P =.022 and .017). IL-1Ra in DE2 was 2.3 fold higher than in DE1 (P=.038).
Conclusion: Tear levels of many immune mediators were highly repeatable between visits in DED. Among them, IL-1Ra and IL-8 associated with clinical signs and disease severity defined by corneal staining.
Huang JF, Zhang Y, Rittenhouse KD, Pickering EH, McDowell MT.
Source
La Jolla BioConsulting, 4653 Carmel Mountain Road, Suite 308-245, San Diego, CA, 92130, United States.