For dry eye diagnosis in children, click link for article Eyeworld Cornea June 2013. Parents are usually the first to notice that children are blinking or rubbing the eyes more.
'There are rare diseases that might prompt tear film problems in children but ophthalmologists are more likely to see dry eye exacerbated by blepharitis, ocular rosacea, meibomian gland dysfunction (MGD), or an infection.'
'One of the most common reasons we see dry eye in children is due to either a Staph infection or Demodex blepharitis or related conditions' (Dr Esen Akpek). 'Some children get such thick oily discharge that the meibomian glands get clogged and need to be expressed.' (Dr David Granet)
Differential diagnoses include: allergy, chemotherapy or radiation, diabetes, juvenile arthritis, Sjogrens, other autoimmune and inflammatory conditions, vitamin A deficiency, Herpes or other infection, corneal dystrophies. 'We look at everything from their meibomian glands to allergic causes to infections to mechanical irritation' (Dr Granet) 'It is also important to rule out more severe corneal disease as a cause for the dry eye symptoms.'
For more information, search PubMed 'child blepharitis' or 'child dry eye'.
Br J Ophthalmol. 2012 Jul;96(7):949-55. doi: 10.1136/bjophthalmol-2011-300771. Epub 2012 Apr 13. Childhood blepharokeratoconjunctivitis: characterising a severe phenotype in white adolescents. Hamada S, Khan I, Denniston AK, Rauz S.
Br J Ophthalmol. 2005 Apr;89(4):400-3. Blepharokeratoconjunctivitis in children: diagnosis and treatment. Viswalingam M, Rauz S, Morlet N, Dart JK (free access)
Ophthalmology. 2007 Dec;114(12):2271-80. Visual outcome and corneal changes in children with chronic blepharokeratoconjunctivitis. Jones SM, Weinstein JM, Cumberland P, Klein N, Nischal KK.
'Dry eyes' in children has been highlighted as a research, clinical and funding priority by consultation between patients and medical professionals under the UK National Institute for Health Research, full report 'Sight loss and vision priority setting partnership: setting priorities for eye research' October 2013, p25 'Can severe ocular surface disease in children, such as blepharokeratoconjunctivitis and vernal keratoconjunctivitis be managed better?' http://www.sightlosspsp.org.uk/
This is progress For interested professionals worldwide http://wspos.org/
'There are rare diseases that might prompt tear film problems in children but ophthalmologists are more likely to see dry eye exacerbated by blepharitis, ocular rosacea, meibomian gland dysfunction (MGD), or an infection.'
'One of the most common reasons we see dry eye in children is due to either a Staph infection or Demodex blepharitis or related conditions' (Dr Esen Akpek). 'Some children get such thick oily discharge that the meibomian glands get clogged and need to be expressed.' (Dr David Granet)
Differential diagnoses include: allergy, chemotherapy or radiation, diabetes, juvenile arthritis, Sjogrens, other autoimmune and inflammatory conditions, vitamin A deficiency, Herpes or other infection, corneal dystrophies. 'We look at everything from their meibomian glands to allergic causes to infections to mechanical irritation' (Dr Granet) 'It is also important to rule out more severe corneal disease as a cause for the dry eye symptoms.'
For more information, search PubMed 'child blepharitis' or 'child dry eye'.
Br J Ophthalmol. 2012 Jul;96(7):949-55. doi: 10.1136/bjophthalmol-2011-300771. Epub 2012 Apr 13. Childhood blepharokeratoconjunctivitis: characterising a severe phenotype in white adolescents. Hamada S, Khan I, Denniston AK, Rauz S.
Br J Ophthalmol. 2005 Apr;89(4):400-3. Blepharokeratoconjunctivitis in children: diagnosis and treatment. Viswalingam M, Rauz S, Morlet N, Dart JK (free access)
Ophthalmology. 2007 Dec;114(12):2271-80. Visual outcome and corneal changes in children with chronic blepharokeratoconjunctivitis. Jones SM, Weinstein JM, Cumberland P, Klein N, Nischal KK.
'Dry eyes' in children has been highlighted as a research, clinical and funding priority by consultation between patients and medical professionals under the UK National Institute for Health Research, full report 'Sight loss and vision priority setting partnership: setting priorities for eye research' October 2013, p25 'Can severe ocular surface disease in children, such as blepharokeratoconjunctivitis and vernal keratoconjunctivitis be managed better?' http://www.sightlosspsp.org.uk/
This is progress For interested professionals worldwide http://wspos.org/
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